![]() As sedation deepens toward general anesthesia, loss of airway patency, loss of airway-protective reflexes, and loss of cardiovascular stability occur. Respiratory depression and hemodynamic compromise may be profound. Deep sedation occurs when cardiorespiratory reflexes are obtunded or lost. Light (minimal) sedation is anxiolysis with minimally reduced reflexes or airway patency. Cardiorespiratory reflexes ( airway-protective and vasomotor reflexes) are reduced with general anesthesia. General anesthesia is characterized by unconsciousness, amnesia, and reduced physiologic reflexes. Sedation describes a medically induced state in the continuum between wakefulness and general anesthesia (see Table 74.7). It is also possible to provide analgesia (local, spinal, or epidural) without altering consciousness. However, it is important to remember that sedative-hypnotic agents may alter consciousness without producing analgesia analgesia and hypnosis are not synonymous. Many drugs provide anxiolysis and amnesia for such events ( Table 74.8). A primary goal of anesthetic management is to minimize fear and anxiety during both painful and nonpainful procedures. Awareness during procedures may be as physically and psychologically deleterious as the experience of pain. The attenuation of both consciousness (hypnosis) and conscious recall ( amnesia) is critical during pediatric anesthesia care. Kliegman MD, in Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 2020 Hypnosis and Amnesia ![]()
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